Bacterial are only made of one cell (and usually a very tiny cell at that) When its ready, the cell first makes a copy of some important stuff inside of itself. Then it uses threads to pull the copy one way, and the original the other way.
It keeps pulling and at the same time pinches itself in half until the one cell becomes two. Check out this picture to see what I mean:
Bacteria, like all living things, have thin strands inside them called DNA. These act as instructions into how to make all the parts of it, and so when a bacteria is ‘splitting’ (as James has said), a copy of these instructions is made and passed onto the new bacteria formed.
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